1. Melting process

The smelting process of C93200 copper plate focuses on precise control of alloy composition, and the main processes include:

Raw material ratio and pretreatment: Add electrolytic copper, lead ingots, tin ingots and other raw materials according to the ratio of Cu 81-85%, Pb 6-8%, Sn 6.3-7.5%, and Zn 1-4%, and remove impurities by magnetic separation or screening.

High temperature smelting: Use medium frequency electric furnace or electric arc furnace to heat to 1150-1200℃ to ensure that the alloy elements are fully melted and evenly distributed. During the smelting process, it is necessary to avoid water in the raw materials to prevent the risk of explosion.

Impurity separation: Use slag equipment to remove oxides (such as CuO, SnO₂) and metal impurities floating on the surface of the copper liquid to improve the purity of the melt.

Casting: Inject the molten copper liquid into the mold and quickly solidify it into an ingot by water cooling or air cooling to reduce segregation.

2. Rolling and forming

Hot rolling process: After the ingot is preheated to 700-800℃, the thickness is reduced to the target size through multiple rolling passes. The hot rolling temperature needs to be controlled above the recrystallization temperature of the material (usually ≥600℃) to reduce the deformation resistance and refine the grains.

Cold rolling process: Secondary rolling is carried out at room temperature to further improve the strength and surface finish of the plate. The tensile strength of the plate can be increased by 20-30% after cold rolling, but annealing is required to eliminate work hardening.

Pickling treatment: Use 30-50% sulfuric acid solution to remove the oxide layer formed during rolling, and then rinse with clean water to avoid residual acid corrosion.

3. Heat treatment process

Annealing process: Heat to 500-700℃ in a protective atmosphere (such as nitrogen or argon), keep warm for 4-6 hours, and then slowly cool. This process can eliminate internal stress, reduce the Brinell hardness by about 15%, and increase the elongation to ≥15%.

Aging treatment: Aging treatment is performed at 200-300℃ for parts that require high strength, and the tensile strength is increased to ≥207 MPa by precipitating strengthening phases (such as Sn-Pb eutectic phase).

Product advantages of C93200 copper plate

1. Material performance advantages

Mechanical properties

Tensile strength ≥207 MPa, yield strength ≥97 MPa, Brinell hardness 332 HBW, can withstand high-load friction environment.

Elongation ≥15%, with good plasticity and forming ability, suitable for complex parts processing.

Wear resistance and friction reduction properties

Lead phase (6-8%) forms a self-lubricating structure in the matrix, and the friction coefficient is reduced by 30-40%, which is particularly suitable for friction pair components such as bearings and bushings.

Corrosion resistance

It forms a dense oxide film in the atmosphere, and the freshwater corrosion rate is <0.02 mm/year. It remains stable in seawater environment and is suitable for ship accessories and chemical equipment.

2. Processing technology advantages

Casting adaptability: The fluidity index reaches 120-150 (compared to 80-100 of ordinary bronze), and can cast precision parts with a wall thickness of ≤3 mm.

Cutting performance: The chip breaking effect of the lead element reduces the cutting force by 20% and extends the tool life by 50%, which is suitable for high-speed processing.

Welding and connection: Various processes such as brazing and laser welding can be used, and the weld strength coefficient is ≥0.85.

3. Wide application field

Automotive industry: used for piston pin bushings and gearbox bearings, and can withstand high-temperature oil lubrication environments below 200°C.

Heavy machinery: rolling mill bearings, crane trunnion bearings, etc., with a lifespan 2-3 times longer than ordinary bronze.

Electronic and electrical: Resistivity 0.14 Ω·mm²/m, used for high current density connectors and switch components.

Marine engineering: seawater pump sleeves and valve seals, passed the ASTM B505 standard salt spray test (1000 hours without pitting).