C90500, commonly designated as "Gun Metal" (SAE 62 or CDA 905), is a tin bronze alloy renowned for its balanced mechanical properties and industrial versatility. It is not a pure oxygen-free copper but a copper-based alloy primarily composed of copper (88–89%), tin (9–10%), zinc (1–2%), and trace elements like lead, nickel, and phosphorus [1]. This alloy exhibits exceptional wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and castability, making it ideal for high-stress applications such as bearings, pump impellers, valve components, and steam fittings . Its mechanical properties include a tensile strength of 45 KSI, yield strength of 22 KSI, and 25% elongation, with a Brinell hardness of 75 . Additionally, it demonstrates moderate electrical conductivity (11% IACS) and thermal conductivity (43.2 BTU/(sq ft-ft-hr-°F))